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Research Article
Hydrodynamic Analysis of Sediment Deposition in Mangrove Wetlands of Zhanjiang Bay-Based on the Perspective of Sediment Grain Size
Zhongqiang Sun*
,
Shuangyue Lin,
Cheng Peng,
Songying Luo,
Zhihui Cheng,
Xiuli Song
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
86-97
Received:
22 August 2024
Accepted:
7 September 2024
Published:
20 September 2024
Abstract: Grain size is an important parameter reflecting the characteristics of sedimentary dynamics, and mangrove wetland sediments record abundant sedimentary environmental information during transportation and deposition. To investigate the vertical characteristics of sediment grain size and sedimentary dynamic processes in the mangrove wetlands of Zhanjiang Bay, this study analyzed the grain size parameters, frequency distribution curves, and hydrodynamic characteristics of sediment cores collected from the mangrove wetlands in Nansan Island (A), the south of Techeng Island (B), Guanhai Promenade (C), Dongtoushan Island (D), Huguang Town (E), and the west of Donghai Island (F). The objective was to reveal the evolution of sedimentary dynamics in Zhanjiang Bay over the past century. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the grain size characteristics among the sediment cores. Cores A and B had poor sorting and flat kurtosis, with sediment types of silty sand. Core C had a sinuous mean grain size and kurtosis curve, poor sorting, positive skewness, and a sediment type of silty sand. Core D had negative skewness, poor sorting, and moderate kurtosis, with a sediment type of sandy silt. Cores E and F had negative skewness, poor sorting, and large variations in kurtosis, with sediment types of sandy silt; (2) The grain size frequency distribution curves at depths of 25 cm, 50 cm, 75 cm, and 100 cm in each sediment core exhibited bimodal and unimodal characteristics, indicating the involvement of multiple sedimentary media in the depositional process. Cores A, B, C, and D had grain sizes concentrated on the sandy particle end, indicating strong sedimentary dynamics. Cores E and F had prominent silt-sized grains, indicating weaker sedimentary dynamics; (3) The grain size characteristics of the sediments were related to their terrestrial or island origins and the sediment supply from runoff. The depositional processes were deeply influenced by tidal dynamics, mangrove distribution, and human activities. The accelerated deposition rate in Zhanjiang Bay in recent years may affect navigation channels, and thus, attention should be paid to the ecological environment of wetlands within the bay.
Abstract: Grain size is an important parameter reflecting the characteristics of sedimentary dynamics, and mangrove wetland sediments record abundant sedimentary environmental information during transportation and deposition. To investigate the vertical characteristics of sediment grain size and sedimentary dynamic processes in the mangrove wetlands of Zhanj...
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Review Article
Climate and Coffee Production in Ethiopia: A Review
Zinash Nigussie*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
98-106
Received:
1 October 2024
Accepted:
29 October 2024
Published:
20 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20240905.12
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Abstract: Climate is a complex system involving the atmosphere, land surface, snow and ice, oceans, and other water bodies. It is measured by variations in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particles, and other meteorological variables over a 30-year period. Climate change has gained momentum due to anthropogenic disturbances, which may negatively impact human health and the biosphere. The complex relationships between humans, microbes, and the biosphere are causing an increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs), causing global warming and other cascade effects. Climate change is a key environmental concern, posing challenges to ecosystems, food security, water resources, and economic stability. Historical climate records and projected patterns across global regions have confirmed this, with Ethiopia experiencing significant increases in annual mean temperature, hot days, and nights. Climate variability refers to the Spatio-temporal fluctuation of climatic conditions, focusing on the variability dimensions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has declared climate change a key environmental concern. Climate in Ethiopia is characterized by significant geographic variance in rainfall and temperature data. The country has three seasons: bega (dry season) from October to January, belg (short rain season) from February to May, and kiremt (long rainy season) from June to September. The country's climate is influenced by the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and its varied geography, affecting landforms, natural landscapes, and local people's living situations. Coffee is susceptible to drought, over-wetting, and wind damage because its production and quality are largely dependent on temperature and rainfall levels. In key coffee-growing regions around the world, the yield of coffee is at risk due to climate change and unpredictability. The production of coffee is expected to be severely impacted by high temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns in terms of yield, quality, pests, and illnesses.
Abstract: Climate is a complex system involving the atmosphere, land surface, snow and ice, oceans, and other water bodies. It is measured by variations in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particles, and other meteorological variables over a 30-year period. Climate change has gained momentum due to anthropogenic d...
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Research Article
Application of VES and Physicochemical Analysis for the Evaluation of Dissolved Minerals in the Alluvial Aquifers of Part of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State
Arobo Raymond Chinoye Amakiri*,
Ebi Okorobia,
Jiriwari Amonieah,
Vivian Nkechinyelum Otugo
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
107-122
Received:
6 September 2024
Accepted:
27 September 2024
Published:
22 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20240905.13
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Abstract: The sufficient provision and sustenance of quality water have been of a fundamental consequence in the social and economic developmental activities of humans over the years, especially in Bayelsa state and Nigeria at large, where developmental activities are on the increase. Potable water is essential to humans and animals alike, for personal, communal, industrial and societal uses. This study seeks to investigate the concentration of dissolved minerals, using an integrated approach of VES data and physicochemical analysis of ground water samples in parts of Bayelsa state, south-south Nigeria. Vertical Electrical Sounding was implemented in ten stations and interpreted using IPI2WIN software. The results from the VES interpretation revealed that the area is constituted of four to five geoelectric layers. Four distinct sounding curve types (H, HK, K and KH) were identified; with the H and K type curves being dominant. The dominant curve types show that the area has two main hydrologic regimes (of low and high Iron (Fe) concentration). The results show that in VES stations with K-type curve, the stratigraphy consists of the three to four layers, with varying thickness and corresponding resistivities; with the third or fourth layers identified as the aquifer layer. At H-type curve locations, the stratigraphy consists of the top soil, the clay layer, and the sand layer, which was identified as the aquifer. The physicochemical characteristics of water samples, collected from drilled boreholes in the vicinity of the VES locations of the study area, were analyzed for prominent physical and chemical constituents, including EC, pH, TDS, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl, SO, NO, and HCO. Physicochemical analysis was achieved using the standard APHA methods and compared with WHO standard. The results showed that the concentration of the chemical constituents varied spatially in the study area. The analysis revealed that 90% of the mean concentration of measured parameters were within the WHO’s standard in all the samples, except for Mn (with a value of 0.532 mg/L) and Fe2+ (with a value of 0.88 mg/L) which was seen to be high in five of the boreholes in locations with H-type curves, hence correlating areas of high groundwater contamination to VES stations of the H-Curve type. The high Mn and Fe concentrations in the groundwater of some of the locations, makes the water unsuitable for drinking and may require treatment. Further analysis of the ground water samples, indicated that, Chloride and Sulphate are the predominant anions while, Calcium and Magnesium are the predominant cations in groundwater within the study area.
Abstract: The sufficient provision and sustenance of quality water have been of a fundamental consequence in the social and economic developmental activities of humans over the years, especially in Bayelsa state and Nigeria at large, where developmental activities are on the increase. Potable water is essential to humans and animals alike, for personal, comm...
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