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Pre Extension Demonstration of Tef Technologies at Midlands of Guji Zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
Kebede Basha,
Amare Girma,
Korji Dembi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
116-121
Received:
10 August 2021
Accepted:
21 August 2021
Published:
6 September 2021
Abstract: Midland area of Guji zone was potential for tef production. However, the productivity of the crop is below its potential at farm level due to lack of improved varieties. To solve this problem demonstration of improved tef varieties were initiated to evaluate yield performance, evaluate profitability of the improved tef technologies and assess farmers’ feedbacks for further development of tef production during 2018/19 and 2019/20 years. Three potential districts were selected based on their tef potential production. From each district two kebeles were selected. 32 experimental farmers were used for this demonstration. Dagim and Tesfa improved varieties were demonstrated with standard check on 10mx10m area. A seed rate of 10kg/ha by a spacing of 20cm between rows, drilling of tef in the line of rows and 121kg/ha of NPS fertilizer was used. Descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, General Linear Model, qualitative and cost benefit analysis were used to analyze the data. Higher yield (19.06 qt/ha) was obtained from Dagim variety while Tesfa generated 14.09 qt/ha. Lower yield (8.9 qt/ha) was harvested from the standard check. The result of one way ANOVA showed that there was a significance difference in Tesfa variety production at the three districts. The result of the Tukey test indicated that there was a significant difference between Shakiso and Adola district (p=0.012) with Shakiso experimental farmers harvested on average 2.77 quintals of Tesfa more than Adola experimental farmers. The cost benefit analysis result showed that 38,042, 24,464 and 8,058 ETB/ha was obtained from Dagim, Tesfa and Tseday varieties respectively. Early mature, market demand and high yield of tef variety was preferred by farmers in the study area. Farmers selected Tesfa and Tseday as they were slightly early mature variety than Dagim. Tesfa and Tseday varieties were lower yield than Dagim variety. Based on the preference of the farmers, grain yield obtained and returns Dagim and Tesfa varieties were recommended for scaling up in the study area and similar agro-ecologies.
Abstract: Midland area of Guji zone was potential for tef production. However, the productivity of the crop is below its potential at farm level due to lack of improved varieties. To solve this problem demonstration of improved tef varieties were initiated to evaluate yield performance, evaluate profitability of the improved tef technologies and assess farme...
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Water Quality Characteristic of Ciliwung River at Bogor Botanical Garden Segmen, Bogor
Agus Priyono,
Siti Badriyah Rushayati,
Aditya Bagus Sujati
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
122-127
Received:
7 May 2021
Accepted:
2 August 2021
Published:
6 September 2021
Abstract: The Ciliwung River is one of the heavily polluted rivers in Indonesia. This is caused by the input of high population and industrial pollution loads along the river, from upstream in the recreation area and Puncak in Bogor Regency to through Bogor City, Depok City and downstream in the Jakarta metropolitan city. This condition is worsened by the decreasing vegetated land in the Ciliwung watershed, especially in the river border which is polluted by the increasing population and the development of various industries, which generally do not have sewage treatment units, so that the Ciliwung river is declared heavily polluted. Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBG) is one of the green open spaces that acts as a buffer for the Ciliwung River in the BBG section. This study aims to analyze changes in the water quality of the Ciliwung river along the BBG. The research was conducted by analyzing air quality based on physicochemical factors (temperature, turbidity, total solids, pH, DO, BOD, COD) and benthic community structure at BBG inlet, middle BBG, and BBG outlet. The physico-chemical parameters of the Ciliwung river in the BBG segment still meet the requirements of class II water quality standards except for COD. The macrozoobenthos community structure is dominated by the orders Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. Air quality analysis using the Water Quality Index, Pollution Index, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index showed an increase in air quality from BBG inlet, middle BBG to BBG outlet.
Abstract: The Ciliwung River is one of the heavily polluted rivers in Indonesia. This is caused by the input of high population and industrial pollution loads along the river, from upstream in the recreation area and Puncak in Bogor Regency to through Bogor City, Depok City and downstream in the Jakarta metropolitan city. This condition is worsened by the de...
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Water Governs the Climate on the Earth After the Sun
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
128-133
Received:
23 August 2021
Accepted:
9 September 2021
Published:
5 October 2021
Abstract: Today, the Earth Global Warming is evocated everywhere. This very important phenomenon should be due to a «greenhouse» effect. Water and Carbon Dioxide are the principal greenhouse gas. But the last reports (2010-2020) of GIEC (International Group for the Evolution of Climate) or IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) are claiming that the increase of carbon dioxide during the industrial period (1750-today) from 300 ppm to 410 ppm is the principal actor of the Global Warming. The reasons evocated by the GIEC are: on our planet, the water quantity is stable and its cycle is very short (one week) but the life time of carbon dioxide is long (one century) and it is still increasing. In last reports about the climate, water disappears from greenhouse gas list! In this paper, we show that in fact water -and not the CO2- is responsible for the global warming on Earth. To prove this assertion, first, we’ll analyze the total absorption electromagnetic spectra of H2O and CO2 (from 0.6 micron to very far infrared). We’ll calculate the energetic ratio between H2O and CO2 to warm the Earth. It is between 20 and 200 according the regions in favor of H2O. Then, we’ll consider all waters (oceans, vapor, clouds, rains, watering, anthropic origin…) to conclude that water -after the sun- determines the climate on the Earth.
Abstract: Today, the Earth Global Warming is evocated everywhere. This very important phenomenon should be due to a «greenhouse» effect. Water and Carbon Dioxide are the principal greenhouse gas. But the last reports (2010-2020) of GIEC (International Group for the Evolution of Climate) or IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) are claiming that th...
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Wind Power Forecasting Model Through Data Analysis of Causes and Impacts of Global Warming
Jun Seok Hwang,
Seoyeon Kim,
Seunghyun Lee,
Shiwoo Lee,
Kenneth Chisoon Park
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
134-142
Received:
23 September 2021
Accepted:
8 October 2021
Published:
19 October 2021
Abstract: In this article, we aim to spread the need for change by informing the reader about global warming and its consequences. Global warming is a phenomenon in which average global temperatures rise due to the increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted and trapped in the atmosphere. These specific gases are special in that they contribute to the flow of heat within the atmosphere as they trap more heat from the sun within the atmosphere. The most influential of these gases is CO2, which most of the data analysis in this article will be focusing on. There are many issues and problems that are attributed to global warming, along with a wide array of data that relates to the topic. By analyzing such data, one can find out the global trend in climate change and even come up with potential solutions for this increasingly threatening event. The lack of action taken by world leaders is due to general negligence and a lack of an effective and coherent solution to tackle climate change. A probable solution would be to find a surrogate to the main cause of GHG emissions, which is the substantial exploitation of conventional (nonrenewable) energy sources. Renewable energy sources are excellent substitutes to conventional energy sources and one of the most effective types is wind. This energy source is currently implemented in many areas around the globe and is producing better results than in the past when conventional energy sources were in use. Although wind turbines are more efficient than solar panels in producing electricity because they are not affected by the presence of sunlight, the amount of electricity generated can fluctuate due to various factors. To adjust to these varying conditions, machine learning regression algorithms can be managed to create a wind power forecasting model that predicts how much electricity can be produced on that day according to the varying factors; it will allow people to be less dependent on those factors. This article explores the trends for climate change and the avenues for change. It must be noted that averting one’s gaze away from this urgent issue resolves nothing.
Abstract: In this article, we aim to spread the need for change by informing the reader about global warming and its consequences. Global warming is a phenomenon in which average global temperatures rise due to the increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted and trapped in the atmosphere. These specific gases are special in that they contribute to the flow of...
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